{"id":53974,"date":"2022-11-03T13:09:11","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T12:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codecool.com\/?p=53974"},"modified":"2022-11-11T16:48:10","modified_gmt":"2022-11-11T15:48:10","slug":"testare-manuala-vs-automata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codecool.com\/ro\/testare-manuala-vs-automata\/","title":{"rendered":"Care sunt diferen\u021bele dintre testarea manual\u0103 \u0219i cea automat\u0103 \u0219i cum alegi specializarea IT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 \u0219tii cine iese c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103tor din confruntarea <\/span>testare manual\u0103 vs testare automat\u0103, adev\u0103rul este c\u0103 ambele ies victorioase,<\/b> fiecare av\u00e2nd rolul s\u0103u \u00een companiile de dezvoltare software, lucr\u00e2nd chiar complementar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 faci pasul c\u0103tre programare, <\/span>orice specializare alegi, vei putea profita din plin de oportunit\u0103\u021bile<\/b> oferite de aceast\u0103 industrie \u00een plin\u0103 dezvoltare – mii de joburi listate doar pe site-urile de recrutare din Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i salarii atractive \u00eenc\u0103 de la nivelul de junior.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Trainerii Codecool, care sunt la curent cu ultimele nout\u0103\u021bi din IT, \u00ee\u021bi prezint\u0103 \u00een acest material tot ce este nevoie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre <\/span>testarea software<\/b> – care sunt <\/span>diferen\u021bele dintre metoda manual\u0103 \u0219i cea automat\u0103<\/b>, avantajele fiec\u0103reia \u0219i perspectivele de viitor, pentru ca tu s\u0103 alegi cariera potrivit\u0103 pentru tine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"testare<\/p>\n

Ce este testarea software, mai exact?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Testarea software<\/b> este o etap\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 \u00een dezvoltarea oric\u0103rui produs IT, reprezent\u00e2nd <\/span>aproximativ 30% din efortul total<\/b> alocat unui proiect.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pe scurt, reprezint\u0103 procesul de verificare a unui sistem, sau a unui program informatic pentru a stabili dac\u0103 \u00eendepline\u0219te cerin\u021bele specificate, dac\u0103 aduce rezultatele dorite, detect\u00e2nd orice probleme care ar putea afecta buna func\u021bionare \u0219i mai departe, experien\u021ba utilizatorului.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Testarea software face parte din departamentul <\/strong><\/span>Quality Assurance<\/a><\/strong> (QA)<\/strong> care ajut\u0103, ini\u021bial, la proiectarea \u0219i controlul procesului de dezvoltare \u00eentr-un mod care duce la prevenirea erorilor grave \u00een timpul proiectului, care se pot transforma \u00een costuri suplimentare \u00eensemnate pentru companie.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mai exact, conform unui <\/span>studiu<\/span><\/a> de specialitate, <\/span>remedierea unui bug de software<\/b> cost\u0103 \u00een jur de 100$ \u00een etapa de proiectare, ajunge la 1.500$ \u00een faza de testare \u0219i dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 10.000$ \u00een etapa de produc\u021bie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Un <\/span>software tester <\/span><\/a>are la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103 <\/span>dou\u0103 tipuri de testare – manual\u0103 \u0219i automat\u0103<\/b>, pentru a se asigura c\u0103 produsul respect\u0103 toate standardele de calitate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Testare manual\u0103 vs testare automat\u0103<\/span><\/h2>\n

Cea mai mare <\/span>diferen\u021b\u0103 dintre testare manual\u0103 vs automat\u0103 <\/b>este dat\u0103 de cine execut\u0103 cazul de testare. \u00cen spatele ambelor specializ\u0103ri st\u0103 desigur un specialist, care utilizeaz\u0103, \u00eentr-o m\u0103sur\u0103 mai mic\u0103 sau mai mare, instrumente \u0219i software de automatizare.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mai exact, \u00een cea manual\u0103, un tester uman parcurge procesul de verificare \u0219i validare, iar abordarea automat\u0103 implic\u0103 testeri care scriu scripturi de testare care automatizeaz\u0103 execu\u021bia, un script valid\u00e2nd cerin\u021bele produsului \u00een acest caz. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ce este testarea manual\u0103?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Testarea manual\u0103<\/b> este procesul \u00een care un analist QA execut\u0103 teste unul c\u00e2te unul, \u00een mod individual. Scopul acestei test\u0103ri manuale este de a detecta erori \u0219i probleme de func\u021bionalitate, siguran\u021b\u0103, \u00eenainte ca o aplica\u021bie software s\u0103 fie livrat\u0103 c\u0103tre client sau utilizatori.<\/span><\/p>\n

Testarea manual\u0103 este una practic\u0103, anali\u0219ti \u0219i ingineri QA sunt implica\u021bi \u00een tot procesul – de la crearea cazurilor de testare, p\u00e2n\u0103 la execu\u021bia efectiv\u0103 a testelor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i ce avantaje are testarea manual\u0103?<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u00cen testarea manual\u0103,<\/b> analistul este deci elementul cheie. \u00a0\u00cei revine misiunea s\u0103 creeze scenarii de testare \u0219i s\u0103 le execute pentru a valida caracteristicile cheie ale unei aplica\u021bii software, s\u0103 realizeze rapoarte de eroare pentru ca echipele software s\u0103 adreseze problemele descoperite. <\/span><\/p>\n

Testele repetitive, care sunt realizate cu frecven\u021b\u0103 mare, pot fi automatizate chiar \u0219i \u00een cazul test\u0103rii manuale, pentru a eficientiza procesul, combin\u00e2nd testarea manual\u0103 cu cea automatizat\u0103, \u00een zonele consumatoare de timp repetitiv pentru analistul QA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Totusi, \u00een cazul testelor care se execut\u0103 mai rar, prezint\u0103 un risc ridicat, sau se focuseaz\u0103 pe User Experience, este indicat\u0103 abordarea manual\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cel mai mare avantaj al test\u0103rii manuale <\/b>\u00een compara\u021bie cu automatizarea, este capacitatea de a gestiona scenarii de testare complexe \u0219i nuan\u021bate, care se bazeaz\u0103 pe interac\u021biunea uman\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"testare<\/p>\n

Ce este testarea automat\u0103?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Testarea automat\u0103<\/b> este metoda prin care programatorul utilizeaz\u0103 cadre de automatizare a testelor, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu alte instrumente care vor examina software-ul, raport\u00e2nd apoi ceea ce a fost g\u0103sit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dezvoltatorii de automatiz\u0103ri cunosc \u0219i folosesc mai multe limbaje de programare, dintre care amintim Python, C#, Java, JavaScript, Ruby, Linux dar apeleaz\u0103 \u0219i alte limbaje \u0219i tehnologii \u00een jobul lor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i ce avantaje are testarea automat\u0103?<\/span><\/h4>\n

Testarea automat\u0103<\/b> implic\u0103 testeri care scriu scripturi de testare prin care automatizeaz\u0103 execu\u021bia verific\u0103rilor. Un script de testare este un set de instruc\u021biuni care trebuie efectuate pe platformele \u021bint\u0103 pentru a valida o caracteristic\u0103 sau un rezultat a\u0219teptat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Testarea automat\u0103 reduce sarcinile manuale repetitive \u00een timpul fazei de testare. Cu toate acestea, necesit\u0103 unele lucr\u0103ri manuale \u00een timpul etapei de implementare. Testerii trebuie s\u0103 creeze manual scripturile de testare de baz\u0103, valid\u00e2nd implicit prima dat\u0103 manual specifica\u021biile produsului.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cel mai mare avantaj al test\u0103rii automate<\/b> fa\u021b\u0103 de cea manual\u0103 este c\u0103 permite realizarea mai multor teste \u00een mai pu\u021bin timp, m\u0103rind astfel productivitatea \u0219i capacitatea de testare. De asemenea, \u00eenl\u0103tura eroarea uman\u0103, un script configur\u00e2nd mereu \u00een acela\u0219i fel \u0219i valid\u00e2nd mereu \u00een acela\u0219i mod scenariul dorit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Instrumentele de automatizare a testelor au evoluat semnificativ datorit\u0103 tehnologiei de simulare a utilizatorului real, fiind ast\u0103zi recomandate pentru testare unor caracteristici legate de Face ID, amprent\u0103, imagine si voce, virtualizarea re\u021belei.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poate testarea automat\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 testarea manual\u0103?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Specialistii din domeniul IT dau asigur\u0103ri c\u0103<\/span> testarea automat\u0103 nu o va \u00eenlocui pe cea manual\u0103 <\/b>\u0219i cele dou\u0103 tipuri vor continua s\u0103 joace propriul lor \u00een asigurarea calit\u0103\u021bii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chiar \u0219i cu progresele \u00een tehnologia artificial\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea automat\u0103, instrumentele de automatizare nu vor putea s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 prea cur\u00e2nd testarea manual\u0103, care d\u0103 cele mai bune rezultate \u00een cazul testelor complexe, unde interven\u021bia uman\u0103 face diferen\u021ba.<\/span><\/p>\n

De fapt, la baza automatiz\u0103rii scenariilor st\u0103 experien\u021ba \u0219i expertiza unui analist QA<\/strong> care trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 produsul \u0219i specifica\u021biile, \u0219i pun\u00e2ndu-se \u00een pielea utilizatorului final, s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 scenariile care replic\u0103 utilizarea real\u0103 a produsului \u00een prima faza, mai apoi put\u00e2nd automatiza aceste scenarii.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Altfel spus, ca s\u0103 ajungi s\u0103 faci testare automatizat\u0103 trebuie, mai \u00eent\u00e2i, s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi aspectele test\u0103rii \u0219i ale QA (Quality Assurance) \u0219i apoi sa le implementezi \u00een scripturi de automatizare.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"testare<\/p>\n

Cum te preg\u0103te\u0219ti pentru o carier\u0103 \u00een testare software?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Domeniul test\u0103rii software prime\u0219te cu bra\u021bele deschise candida\u021bi de toate v\u00e2rstele – de la cei care <\/span>abia se lanseaz\u0103 pe pia\u021ba muncii<\/b>, la persoane care activeaz\u0103 \u00een alte domenii \u0219i sunt interesate de <\/span>reconversie profesional\u0103<\/b><\/a>. Po\u021bi afla <\/span>povestea lui Panni, un student Codecool care a f\u0103cut pasul c\u0103tre cariera de tester<\/span><\/a> din domeniul \u0219tiin\u021belor politice, se aplic\u0103 indiferent de domeniul \u00een care ai deja experien\u021b\u0103.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 pare cariera potrivit\u0103 pentru tine, te vei bucura s\u0103 afli c\u0103 <\/span>po\u021bi parcurge etapa de formare \u00een doar c\u00e2teva luni, chiar dac\u0103 porne\u0219ti de la zero.<\/b> Dintre testare manual\u0103 vs automat\u0103,<\/strong> primul tip nu implic\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021be chiar at\u00e2t de avansate de programare, fiind astfel o bun\u0103 op\u021biune pentru \u00eencep\u0103tori.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cursul Software Tester <\/b><\/a>de la Codecool<\/b> dureaz\u0103 mai pu\u021bin de 3 luni <\/b>\u0219i se \u021bine online, deci po\u021bi studia de oriunde. \u00cen acest timp, vei avea sesiuni online de trei ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, asistate live de un mentor cu experien\u021b\u0103. \u00cempreun\u0103, pornim de la elemente de baz\u0103 \u0219i ajungem la no\u021biuni avansate de care ai nevoie \u00een<\/span> jobul de manual tester.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Programa cursului de testare software <\/b>este construit\u0103 conform<\/span> curriculei <\/b>ISTQB<\/b><\/a>, concentr\u00e2ndu-se pe cele mai c\u0103utate tehnologii \u0219i limbaje de programare, pentru a te echipa cu un set valoros de abilit\u0103\u021bi tehnice. <\/span>\u00cen plus, ea este augmentata cu no\u021biuni valoroase de automatizare<\/strong>, pun\u00e2nd bazele \u0219i deschiz\u00e2nd apetitul pentru urm\u0103torul nivel \u00een cariera unui inginer QA.<\/span><\/p>\n

La finalul celor <\/span>4 module ale cursului online de Software Tester<\/b>, vei putea s\u0103 folose\u0219ti cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 tehnologii precum Agile, Git, GitHub, Jira, Linux, Python, VirtualBox, Shell \u0219i altele.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, vei dezvolta \u0219i o serie de <\/span>soft skills valoroase<\/b>, care te vor ajuta s\u0103 te faci remarcat \u0219i s\u0103 ob\u021bii jobul dorit, cum sunt g\u00e2ndirea analitic\u0103 \u0219i cea de business, comunicarea, managementul timpului \u0219i prezentarea eficient\u0103.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce salariu po\u021bi c\u00e2\u0219tiga \u00een testare manual\u0103?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Asemenea altor specializ\u0103ri din IT, testarea manual\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi ofer\u0103 acces la <\/span>posturi cu salarii atractive<\/b>, completate adesea de <\/span>beneficii extrasalariale<\/b> precum bonusuri, asigur\u0103ri private de s\u0103n\u0103tate, tichete de mas\u0103 \u0219i altele.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Este o bun\u0103 op\u021biune \u0219i dac\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi dore\u0219ti un<\/span> job remote<\/b>, companiile din Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i din afar\u0103 oferind aceast\u0103 <\/span>posibilitate de munc\u0103 de la distan\u021b\u0103.<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, cu un job de <\/span>manual software tester,<\/b> po\u021bi c\u00e2\u0219tiga un <\/span>salariu mediu net lunar \u00eentre 1.200 \u2013 1.700 euro.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Porne\u0219te de la zero cariera \u00een testare software manual\u0103 la cursul Codecool!\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Cursul nostru de <\/span>testare manual\u0103 <\/span><\/a>te echipeaz\u0103 \u00een <\/span>12 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni<\/b> cu un <\/span>set complet de cuno\u0219tin\u021be tehnice \u0219i soft skills<\/b>, care te fac un candidat de top pentru orice job de Manual Software Tester.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studiezi online, asistat live de mentor, ai al\u0103turi colegi cu obiective comune \u0219i posibilitatea pl\u0103\u021bilor \u00een rate – astfel poate \u00eencepe viitoarea ta carier\u0103 \u00een testare software.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aplic\u0103 la curs chiar ast\u0103zi \u0219i f\u0103 pasul c\u0103tre testare software al\u0103turi de Codecoo!<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 \u0219tii cine iese c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103tor din confruntarea testare manual\u0103 vs testare automat\u0103, adev\u0103rul este c\u0103 ambele ies victorioase, fiecare av\u00e2nd rolul s\u0103u \u00een companiile de dezvoltare software, lucr\u00e2nd chiar complementar.\u00a0 A\u0219adar, dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 faci pasul c\u0103tre programare, orice specializare alegi, vei putea profita din plin de oportunit\u0103\u021bile oferite de aceast\u0103 industrie \u00een […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":53975,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cariera-it"],"yoast_head":"\nTestare manuala vs automata: ce rol are fiecare - Codecool<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Afl\u0103 ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 s\u0103 lucrezi \u00een testare manuala vs automata ce rol are fiecare \u00een dezvoltarea software, cum alegi cariera potrivita \u0219i ce salariu po\u021bi avea [2022].\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/codecool.com\/ro\/testare-manuala-vs-automata\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Care sunt diferen\u021bele dintre testarea manual\u0103 \u0219i cea automat\u0103 \u0219i cum alegi specializarea IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Afl\u0103 ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 s\u0103 lucrezi \u00een testare manuala vs automata ce rol are fiecare \u00een dezvoltarea software, cum alegi cariera potrivita \u0219i ce salariu po\u021bi avea [2022].\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/codecool.com\/ro\/testare-manuala-vs-automata\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Codecool\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CodecoolOfficial\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-03T12:09:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-11-11T15:48:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/codecool.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/testare-manuala-automata-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Vertify\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Codecool_global\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Codecool_global\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scris de\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Vertify\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minute\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Testare manuala vs automata: ce rol are fiecare - 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